internal/encoding: support input validation

Also fixes a bug in go.go, which did not obey
the `json:"-"` field tag.

This does not yet introduce a file extension for
possible combinations like cue+data.

Closes #130

Change-Id: I03f18afb64e48d84cf6a645f5fb5f7c91299b032
Reviewed-on: https://cue-review.googlesource.com/c/cue/+/5261
Reviewed-by: Marcel van Lohuizen <mpvl@golang.org>
diff --git a/internal/encoding/encoding_test.go b/internal/encoding/encoding_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..37aa0e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/encoding/encoding_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2020 CUE Authors
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package encoding
+
+import (
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"cuelang.org/go/cue/build"
+	"cuelang.org/go/cue/parser"
+)
+
+func TestValidate(t *testing.T) {
+	testCases := []struct {
+		form build.Form
+		in   string
+		err  string
+	}{{
+		form: "data",
+		in: `
+		// Foo
+		a: 2
+		"b-b": 3
+		s: -2
+		a: +2
+		`,
+	}, {
+		form: "graph",
+		in: `
+		X=3
+		a: X
+		"b-b": 3
+		s: a
+		`,
+	},
+
+		{form: "data", err: "imports", in: `import "foo" `},
+		{form: "data", err: "references", in: `a: a`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: 1 + 3`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: 1 + 3`},
+		{form: "data", err: "definitions", in: `a :: 1`},
+		{form: "data", err: "constraints", in: `a: <1`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: !true`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: 1 | 2`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: 1 | *2`},
+		{form: "data", err: "references", in: `X=3, a: X`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `2+2`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `"\(3)"`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `for x in [2] { a: 2 }`},
+		{form: "data", err: "expressions", in: `a: len([])`},
+		{form: "data", err: "ellipsis", in: `a: [...]`},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(path.Join(string(tc.form), tc.in), func(t *testing.T) {
+			f, err := parser.ParseFile("", tc.in, parser.ParseComments)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			d := Decoder{cfg: &Config{}}
+			d.validate(f, &build.File{
+				Filename: "foo.cue",
+				Encoding: build.CUE,
+				Form:     tc.form,
+			})
+			if (tc.err == "") != (d.err == nil) {
+				t.Errorf("error: got %v; want %v", tc.err == "", d.err == nil)
+			}
+			if d.err != nil && !strings.Contains(d.err.Error(), tc.err) {
+				t.Errorf("error message did not contain %q: %v", tc.err, d.err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}