diff --git a/cmd/cue/cmd/custom.go b/cmd/cue/cmd/custom.go
index 67f6a45..74aaa24 100644
--- a/cmd/cue/cmd/custom.go
+++ b/cmd/cue/cmd/custom.go
@@ -294,10 +294,6 @@
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func isValid(v cue.Value) bool {
-	return v.Kind() == cue.BottomKind
-}
-
 func init() {
 	itask.Register("cmd/cue/cmd.Test", newTestServerCmd)
 }
diff --git a/cmd/cue/cmd/get_go.go b/cmd/cue/cmd/get_go.go
index 707eb3d..34523d8 100644
--- a/cmd/cue/cmd/get_go.go
+++ b/cmd/cue/cmd/get_go.go
@@ -215,11 +215,6 @@
 
 var cueTestRoot string // the CUE module root for test purposes.
 
-type dstUsed struct {
-	dst  string
-	used bool
-}
-
 func (e *extractor) initExclusions(str string) {
 	e.exclude = str
 	for _, re := range strings.Split(str, ",") {
@@ -245,7 +240,6 @@
 	cmd *cobra.Command
 
 	stderr io.Writer
-	err    error
 	pkgs   []*packages.Package
 	done   map[string]bool
 
@@ -277,14 +271,6 @@
 	e.usedInFile[pkg] = true
 }
 
-func (e *extractor) errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
-	err := fmt.Errorf(format, args...)
-	fmt.Fprintln(e.stderr, err)
-	if e.err == nil {
-		e.err = err
-	}
-}
-
 func initInterfaces() error {
 	cfg := &packages.Config{
 		Mode: packages.LoadAllSyntax,
diff --git a/cmd/cue/cmd/import.go b/cmd/cue/cmd/import.go
index 16801ba..a48416b 100644
--- a/cmd/cue/cmd/import.go
+++ b/cmd/cue/cmd/import.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"unicode"
@@ -543,10 +542,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-func newString(s string) *ast.BasicLit {
-	return &ast.BasicLit{Kind: token.STRING, Value: strconv.Quote(s)}
-}
-
 func (x *listIndex) label(label ast.Label) *listIndex {
 	key := internal.DebugStr(label)
 	idx := x.index[key]
diff --git a/cmd/cue/cmd/root.go b/cmd/cue/cmd/root.go
index 5b3a964..49abeb7 100644
--- a/cmd/cue/cmd/root.go
+++ b/cmd/cue/cmd/root.go
@@ -38,8 +38,6 @@
 
 var log = logger.New(os.Stderr, "", logger.Lshortfile)
 
-var cfgFile string
-
 // newRootCmd creates the base command when called without any subcommands
 func newRootCmd() *Command {
 	cmd := &cobra.Command{
diff --git a/cmd/cue/cmd/trim.go b/cmd/cue/cmd/trim.go
index 5d3d3dc..2468957 100644
--- a/cmd/cue/cmd/trim.go
+++ b/cmd/cue/cmd/trim.go
@@ -564,16 +564,3 @@
 func iterKey(v cue.Iterator) key {
 	return key{v.Label(), v.IsHidden()}
 }
-
-func nodeKey(v *ast.Field) key {
-	if v == nil {
-		return key{}
-	}
-	name, _ := ast.LabelName(v.Label)
-	hidden := false
-	if ident, ok := v.Label.(*ast.Ident); ok &&
-		strings.HasPrefix(ident.Name, "_") {
-		hidden = true
-	}
-	return key{name, hidden}
-}
diff --git a/cue/binop.go b/cue/binop.go
index c2e8787..260aaf4 100644
--- a/cue/binop.go
+++ b/cue/binop.go
@@ -846,10 +846,6 @@
 	return boolTonode(src, result)
 }
 
-func (x *numLit) updateNumInfo(a, b *numLit) {
-	x.numInfo = unifyNuminfo(a.numInfo, b.numInfo)
-}
-
 func (x *numLit) binOp(ctx *context, src source, op op, other evaluated) evaluated {
 	switch y := other.(type) {
 	case *basicType, *bound, *customValidator: // for better error reporting
diff --git a/cue/build.go b/cue/build.go
index aac42eb..69bd84b 100644
--- a/cue/build.go
+++ b/cue/build.go
@@ -257,11 +257,6 @@
 }
 
 func resolveFile(idx *index, f *ast.File, p *build.Instance, allFields map[string]ast.Node) error {
-	type importInfo struct {
-		node ast.Node
-		inst *Instance
-		used bool // TODO: use a more general unresolved value technique
-	}
 	index := map[string][]*ast.Ident{}
 	for _, u := range f.Unresolved {
 		index[u.Name] = append(index[u.Name], u)
diff --git a/cue/copy.go b/cue/copy.go
index 75011c3..f4f3f28 100644
--- a/cue/copy.go
+++ b/cue/copy.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 		if emit != nil {
 			emit = ctx.copy(x.emit)
 		}
-		obj.emit = x.emit
+		obj.emit = emit
 
 		t := x.template
 		if t != nil {
diff --git a/cue/debug.go b/cue/debug.go
index 148941c..252bdc8 100644
--- a/cue/debug.go
+++ b/cue/debug.go
@@ -22,10 +22,7 @@
 )
 
 func debugStr(ctx *context, v value) string {
-	p := &printer{
-		ctx: ctx,
-		w:   &bytes.Buffer{},
-	}
+	p := newPrinter(ctx)
 	p.debugStr(v)
 	return p.w.String()
 }
@@ -130,13 +127,6 @@
 	w   *bytes.Buffer
 }
 
-func (p *printer) str(v value) string {
-	p.debugStr(v)
-	str := p.w.String()
-	p.w.Reset()
-	return str
-}
-
 func (p *printer) label(f label) string {
 	if p.ctx == nil {
 		return strconv.Itoa(int(f))
diff --git a/cue/errors.go b/cue/errors.go
index 0a8d845..0d7d84f 100644
--- a/cue/errors.go
+++ b/cue/errors.go
@@ -97,17 +97,6 @@
 	return false
 }
 
-func recoverable(v value) bool {
-	if err, ok := v.(*bottom); ok {
-		switch err.code {
-		case codeFatal,
-			codeCycle: // only recoverable when explicitly handled and discarded
-			return false
-		}
-	}
-	return true
-}
-
 var errNotExists = &bottom{code: codeNotExist, msg: "undefined value"}
 
 func exists(v value) bool {
@@ -126,7 +115,6 @@
 	exprDepth      int
 	value          value
 	offendingValue value
-	replacement    evaluated // for cycle resolution
 	pos            source
 	msg            string
 
@@ -178,15 +166,6 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (idx *index) mkErrUnify(src source, a, b evaluated) evaluated {
-	if err := firstBottom(a, b); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	e := binSrc(src.Pos(), opUnify, a, b)
-	// TODO: show string of values and show location of both values.
-	return idx.mkErr(e, "incompatible values &(%s, %s)", a.kind(), b.kind())
-}
-
 func (c *context) mkIncompatible(src source, op op, a, b evaluated) evaluated {
 	if err := firstBottom(a, b); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -235,12 +214,3 @@
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func expectType(idx *index, t kind, n evaluated) value {
-	if isBottom(n) {
-		return n
-	}
-	return idx.mkErr(n, "value should of type %s, found %s", n.kind(), t)
-}
-
-// TODO: consider returning a type or subsuption error for op != opUnify
diff --git a/cue/export.go b/cue/export.go
index 1382ad8..45ed181 100644
--- a/cue/export.go
+++ b/cue/export.go
@@ -23,10 +23,9 @@
 	"unicode"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"github.com/cockroachdb/apd"
-
 	"cuelang.org/go/cue/ast"
 	"cuelang.org/go/cue/token"
+	"github.com/cockroachdb/apd"
 )
 
 func doEval(m options) bool {
@@ -837,7 +836,6 @@
 				fallthrough
 			case 1:
 				s.max = nil
-				t = r.typ
 				return r.typ
 			}
 		}
diff --git a/cue/format/format.go b/cue/format/format.go
index 9bb81a5..dfa255a 100644
--- a/cue/format/format.go
+++ b/cue/format/format.go
@@ -224,7 +224,6 @@
 	pos int8
 
 	settings
-	commentNewline bool
 }
 
 type settings struct {
diff --git a/cue/format/format_test.go b/cue/format/format_test.go
index 46b8a4a..a602529 100644
--- a/cue/format/format_test.go
+++ b/cue/format/format_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"io"
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
@@ -394,28 +393,6 @@
 	}
 }
 
-var stmts = []string{
-	"i := 0",
-	"select {}\nvar a, b = 1, 2\nreturn a + b",
-	"go f()\ndefer func() {}()",
-}
-
-type limitWriter struct {
-	remaining int
-	errCount  int
-}
-
-func (l *limitWriter) Write(buf []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n = len(buf)
-	if n >= l.remaining {
-		n = l.remaining
-		err = io.EOF
-		l.errCount++
-	}
-	l.remaining -= n
-	return n, err
-}
-
 // TextX is a skeleton test that can be filled in for debugging one-off cases.
 // Do not remove.
 func TestX(t *testing.T) {
diff --git a/cue/format/node.go b/cue/format/node.go
index 0b19a33..8cecc49 100644
--- a/cue/format/node.go
+++ b/cue/format/node.go
@@ -464,7 +464,6 @@
 	default:
 		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unimplemented type %T", x))
 	}
-	return
 }
 
 func (f *formatter) clause(clause ast.Clause) {
diff --git a/cue/format/printer.go b/cue/format/printer.go
index fbbc4ee..920bb6e 100644
--- a/cue/format/printer.go
+++ b/cue/format/printer.go
@@ -27,14 +27,11 @@
 // produced by the formatter and adjusts the spacing based on the original
 // source code.
 type printer struct {
-	w tabwriter.Writer
-
 	cfg *config
 
 	allowed     whiteSpace
 	requested   whiteSpace
 	indentStack []whiteSpace
-	indentPos   int
 
 	pos token.Position // current pos in AST
 
@@ -143,7 +140,6 @@
 		// TODO: if implied comma, postpone comment
 		data = x.Text
 		p.lastTok = token.COMMENT
-		break
 
 	case whiteSpace:
 		p.allowed |= x
@@ -366,5 +362,5 @@
 	case token.QUO:
 		before = s[0] == '*' // /*
 	}
-	return false, false
+	return before, false
 }
diff --git a/cue/go_test.go b/cue/go_test.go
index 50f9248..441d84c 100644
--- a/cue/go_test.go
+++ b/cue/go_test.go
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@
 		"<0>{a: 3, b: 4}",
 	}, {
 		struct {
-			A int `json:",bb" yaml:"" protobuf:"aa"`
+			A int `json:"" yaml:"" protobuf:"aa"`
 			B int `yaml:"cc" json:"bb" protobuf:"aa"`
 		}{3, 4},
 		"<0>{aa: 3, bb: 4}",
diff --git a/cue/kind.go b/cue/kind.go
index ea4aad8..fd6382d 100644
--- a/cue/kind.go
+++ b/cue/kind.go
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-
-	"cuelang.org/go/cue/token"
 )
 
 func unifyType(a, b kind) kind {
@@ -148,16 +146,6 @@
 	return str
 }
 
-type kindInfo struct {
-	kind
-	subsumes   []*kindInfo
-	subsumedBy []*kindInfo
-	unary      []token.Token
-	binary     []token.Token
-}
-
-var toKindInfo = map[kind]*kindInfo{}
-
 // matchBinOpKind returns the result kind of applying the given op to operands with
 // the given kinds. The operation is disallowed if the return value is bottomKind. If
 // the second return value is true, the operands should be swapped before evaluation.
diff --git a/cue/lit.go b/cue/lit.go
index 0d8e4f6..5e7f14c 100644
--- a/cue/lit.go
+++ b/cue/lit.go
@@ -18,20 +18,10 @@
 	"math/big"
 
 	"cuelang.org/go/cue/ast"
-	"cuelang.org/go/cue/errors"
 	"cuelang.org/go/cue/literal"
 	"github.com/cockroachdb/apd"
 )
 
-// errRange indicates that a value is out of range for the target type.
-var errRange = errors.New("value out of range")
-
-// errSyntax indicates that a value does not have the right syntax for the
-// target type.
-var errSyntax = errors.New("invalid syntax")
-
-var errInvalidString = errors.New("invalid string")
-
 type numInfo struct {
 	rep multiplier
 	k   kind
diff --git a/cue/rewrite_test.go b/cue/rewrite_test.go
index adf3476..7f27066 100644
--- a/cue/rewrite_test.go
+++ b/cue/rewrite_test.go
@@ -14,11 +14,6 @@
 
 package cue
 
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"strings"
-)
-
 type rewriteMode int
 
 const (
@@ -36,23 +31,6 @@
 	return rewriteRec(ctx, v, v.evalPartial(ctx), m)
 }
 
-var indentLevel int
-
-func (c *context) ind() int {
-	old := indentLevel
-	indentLevel += 2
-	return old
-}
-
-func (c *context) unindent(old int) {
-	indentLevel = old
-}
-
-func (c *context) printIndent(args ...interface{}) {
-	fmt.Print(strings.Repeat("  ", indentLevel))
-	c.println(args...)
-}
-
 func rewriteRec(ctx *context, raw value, eval evaluated, m rewriteMode) (result value) {
 	if m >= evalPartial {
 		if isIncomplete(eval) {
diff --git a/cue/scanner/scanner_test.go b/cue/scanner/scanner_test.go
index 18cbd3f..0e0ad45 100644
--- a/cue/scanner/scanner_test.go
+++ b/cue/scanner/scanner_test.go
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@
 	eh := func(pos token.Pos, msg string) {
 		t.Errorf("error handler called (pos = %v, msg = %s)", pos, msg)
 	}
-	trim := func(s string) string { return strings.Trim(s, `#"\\()`) }
+	trim := func(s string) string { return strings.Trim(s, `#"\()`) }
 
 	sources := []string{
 		`"first\(first)\\second\(second)"`,
diff --git a/cue/subsume.go b/cue/subsume.go
index 892742c..7b728af 100644
--- a/cue/subsume.go
+++ b/cue/subsume.go
@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@
 	"bytes"
 )
 
-type valueSubsumer interface {
-	subsumesImpl(ctx *context, v value) bool
-}
-
 type subsumeMode int
 
 const (
diff --git a/cue/types.go b/cue/types.go
index e199984..759dbe5 100644
--- a/cue/types.go
+++ b/cue/types.go
@@ -185,14 +185,13 @@
 // An Iterator iterates over values.
 //
 type Iterator struct {
-	val   Value
-	ctx   *context
-	iter  iterAtter
-	len   int
-	p     int
-	cur   Value
-	f     label
-	attrs *attributes
+	val  Value
+	ctx  *context
+	iter iterAtter
+	len  int
+	p    int
+	cur  Value
+	f    label
 }
 
 // Next advances the iterator to the next value and reports whether there was
@@ -807,14 +806,6 @@
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (v Value) err() *bottom {
-	// TODO(incomplete): change to not return an error for incomplete.
-	if err := v.checkKind(v.ctx(), bottomKind); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Pos returns position information.
 func (v Value) Pos() token.Pos {
 	if v.path == nil || v.Source() == nil {
@@ -1433,10 +1424,6 @@
 	return Attribute{err: v.toErr(errNotExists)}
 }
 
-var (
-	errNoSuchAttribute = errors.New("entry for key does not exist")
-)
-
 // An Attribute contains meta data about a field.
 type Attribute struct {
 	attr parsedAttr
diff --git a/cue/types_test.go b/cue/types_test.go
index a4e60c4..f24011b 100644
--- a/cue/types_test.go
+++ b/cue/types_test.go
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@
 				t.Errorf("mantExp: got %s %d; want %s %d", mstr, exp, tc.mant, tc.exp)
 			}
 
-			b, err := n.AppendFloat(nil, tc.fmt, tc.prec)
+			b, _ := n.AppendFloat(nil, tc.fmt, tc.prec)
 			want := tc.float
 			if got := string(b); got != want {
 				t.Errorf("append: got %v; want %v", got, want)
diff --git a/cue/value.go b/cue/value.go
index 4ffbbb1..dbcf507 100644
--- a/cue/value.go
+++ b/cue/value.go
@@ -319,13 +319,6 @@
 	return n
 }
 
-func resultNumBase(a, b numBase) numBase {
-	return numBase{
-		baseValue: a.baseValue,
-		numInfo:   unifyNuminfo(a.numInfo, b.numInfo),
-	}
-}
-
 type numLit struct {
 	numBase
 	v apd.Decimal