// Copyright 2020 CUE Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package adt

import (
	"cuelang.org/go/cue/errors"
	"cuelang.org/go/cue/token"
)

// Nodes man not reenter a disjunction.
//
// Copy one layer deep; throw away items on failure.

// DISJUNCTION ALGORITHM
//
// The basic concept of the algorithm is to use backtracking to find valid
// disjunctions. The algorithm can stop if two matching disjuncts are found
// where one does not subsume the other.
//
// At a later point, we can introduce a filter step to filter out possible
// disjuncts based on, say, discriminator fields or field exclusivity (oneOf
// fields in Protobuf).
//
// To understand the details of the algorithm, it is important to understand
// some properties of disjunction.
//
//
// EVALUATION OF A DISJUNCTION IS SELF CONTAINED
//
// In other words, fields outside of a disjunction cannot bind to values within
// a disjunction whilst evaluating that disjunction. This allows the computation
// of disjunctions to be isolated from side effects.
//
// The intuition behind this is as follows: as a disjunction is not a concrete
// value, it is not possible to lookup a field within a disjunction if it has
// not yet been evaluated. So if a reference within a disjunction that is needed
// to disambiguate that disjunction refers to a field outside the scope of the
// disjunction which, in turn, refers to a field within the disjunction, this
// results in a cycle error. We achieve this by not removing the cycle marker of
// the Vertex of the disjunction until the disjunction is resolved.
//
// Note that the following disjunct is still allowed:
//
//    a: 1
//    b: a
//
// Even though `a` refers to the root of the disjunction, it does not _select
// into_ the disjunction. Implementation-wise, it also doesn't have to, as the
// respective vertex is available within the Environment. Referencing a node
// outside the disjunction that in turn selects the disjunction root, however,
// will result in a detected cycle.
//
// As usual, cycle detection should be interpreted marked as incomplete, so that
// the referring node will not be fixed to an error prematurely.
//
//
// SUBSUMPTION OF AMBIGUOUS DISJUNCTS
//
// A disjunction can be evaluated to a concrete value if only one disjunct
// remains. Aside from disambiguating through unification failure, disjuncts
// may also be disambiguated by taking the least specific of two disjuncts.
// For instance, if a subsumes b, then the result of disjunction may be a.
//
//   NEW ALGORITHM NO LONGER VERIFIES SUBSUMPTION. SUBSUMPTION IS INHERENTLY
//   IMPRECISE (DUE TO BULK OPTIONAL FIELDS). OTHER THAN THAT, FOR SCALAR VALUES
//   IT JUST MEANS THERE IS AMBIGUITY, AND FOR STRUCTS IT CAN LEAD TO STRANGE
//   CONSEQUENCES.
//
//   USE EQUALITY INSTEAD:
//     - Undefined == error for optional fields.
//     - So only need to check exact labels for vertices.

type envDisjunct struct {
	env         *Environment
	cloneID     CloseInfo
	expr        *DisjunctionExpr
	value       *Disjunction
	hasDefaults bool
}

func (n *nodeContext) addDisjunction(env *Environment, x *DisjunctionExpr, cloneID CloseInfo) {

	// TODO: precompute
	numDefaults := 0
	for _, v := range x.Values {
		isDef := v.Default // || n.hasDefaults(env, v.Val)
		if isDef {
			numDefaults++
		}
	}

	n.disjunctions = append(n.disjunctions,
		envDisjunct{env, cloneID, x, nil, numDefaults > 0})
}

func (n *nodeContext) addDisjunctionValue(env *Environment, x *Disjunction, cloneID CloseInfo) {
	n.disjunctions = append(n.disjunctions,
		envDisjunct{env, cloneID, nil, x, x.HasDefaults})

}

func (n *nodeContext) expandDisjuncts(
	state VertexStatus,
	parent *nodeContext,
	m defaultMode,
	recursive bool) {

	n.ctx.stats.DisjunctCount++

	node := n.node
	defer func() {
		n.node = node
	}()

	for n.expandOne() {
	}

	// save node to snapShot in nodeContex
	// save nodeContext.

	if recursive || len(n.disjunctions) > 0 {
		n.snapshot = clone(*n.node)
	} else {
		n.snapshot = *n.node
	}

	switch {
	default: // len(n.disjunctions) == 0
		m := *n
		n.postDisjunct(state)

		switch {
		case n.hasErr():
			// TODO: consider finalizing the node thusly:
			// if recursive {
			// 	n.node.Finalize(n.ctx)
			// }
			x := n.node
			err, ok := x.BaseValue.(*Bottom)
			if !ok {
				err = n.getErr()
			}
			if err == nil {
				// TODO(disjuncts): Is this always correct? Especially for partial
				// evaluation it is okay for child errors to have incomplete errors.
				// Perhaps introduce an Err() method.
				err = x.ChildErrors
			}
			if err.IsIncomplete() {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				parent.disjunctErrs = append(parent.disjunctErrs, err)
			}
			if recursive {
				n.free()
			}
			return
		}

		if recursive {
			*n = m
			n.result = *n.node // XXX: n.result = snapshotVertex(n.node)?
			n.node = &n.result
			n.disjuncts = append(n.disjuncts, n)
		}
		if n.node.BaseValue == nil {
			n.node.BaseValue = n.getValidators()
		}

	case len(n.disjunctions) > 0:
		// Process full disjuncts to ensure that erroneous disjuncts are
		// eliminated as early as possible.
		state = Finalized

		n.disjuncts = append(n.disjuncts, n)

		// HACK: this is an AWFUL, AWFUL HACK to work around a limitation of
		// using defaults for marking oneOfs in protobuffers. Previously this
		// was worked around by another hack that (deliberately erroneously)
		// would move the default status of a disjunct of which only one
		// disjunct remained from "not default" to "maybe default". For
		// protobuf oneOfs this would mean that only the "intended" struct would
		// get the default value. It also worked around various other
		// limitations.
		//
		// With the latest performance enhancements this old hack still worked,
		// but only because it introduced a bug that this hack relied on. Fixing
		// this bug now causes this hack to no longer work.
		//
		// Ultimately, the correct way to address the issue for the protobuf
		// representation is not to use defaults at all. Instead we should use
		// the required annotator (which fixes a whole load of other issues):
		//
		//    {} | {a!: int} | {b!: int}
		//
		// This would force that only one of these can be true independent of
		// default magic. Aside from fixing this issue, it also moves to a model
		// that is consistent with the recommendation to not use defaults in
		// a top-level API specification.
		//
		// The hack we use now recognizes the oneOf patterns and then sets the
		// default for the "smallest" element.
		protoForm := true

		for i, d := range n.disjunctions {
			a := n.disjuncts
			n.disjuncts = n.buffer[:0]
			n.buffer = a[:0]

			skipNonMonotonicChecks := i+1 < len(n.disjunctions)
			if skipNonMonotonicChecks {
				n.ctx.inDisjunct++
			}

			// HACK: see above
			defaultCount := 0
			override := true
			if d.expr == nil {
				override = false
			} else {
				for _, v := range d.expr.Values {
					if !d.hasDefaults || v.Default {
						defaultCount++
						if s, ok := v.Val.(*StructLit); !ok || len(s.Decls) > 0 {
							protoForm = false
							override = false
						}
					}
				}
			}

			for _, dn := range a {
				switch {
				case d.expr != nil:
					for _, v := range d.expr.Values {
						cn := dn.clone()
						*cn.node = clone(dn.snapshot)
						cn.node.state = cn

						c := MakeConjunct(d.env, v.Val, d.cloneID)
						cn.addExprConjunct(c)

						if override {
							if s, ok := v.Val.(*StructLit); ok && len(s.Decls) == 0 {
								cn.protoCount++
							}
						}

						newMode := mode(d.hasDefaults, v.Default)
						cn.defaultMode = combineDefault(dn.defaultMode, newMode)

						cn.expandDisjuncts(state, n, newMode, true)
					}

				case d.value != nil:
					for i, v := range d.value.Values {
						cn := dn.clone()
						*cn.node = clone(dn.snapshot)
						cn.node.state = cn

						cn.addValueConjunct(d.env, v, d.cloneID)

						newMode := mode(d.hasDefaults, i < d.value.NumDefaults)
						cn.defaultMode = combineDefault(dn.defaultMode, newMode)

						cn.expandDisjuncts(state, n, newMode, true)
					}
				}
			}

			if skipNonMonotonicChecks {
				n.ctx.inDisjunct--
			}

			if len(n.disjuncts) == 0 {
				n.makeError()
			}

			if recursive || i > 0 {
				for _, x := range a {
					x.free()
				}
			}

			if len(n.disjuncts) == 0 {
				break
			}
		}

		// HACK: see above
		if protoForm {
			min := int32(0)
			minPos := 0
			for i, d := range n.disjuncts {
				if d.defaultMode == isDefault {
					min = 0
					break
				}
				if d.protoCount > min {
					min = d.protoCount
					minPos = i
				}
			}
			if min > 0 {
				n.disjuncts[minPos].defaultMode = isDefault
			}
		}

		// HACK alert: this replaces the hack of the previous algorithm with a
		// slightly less worse hack: instead of dropping the default info when
		// the value was scalar before, we drop this information when there
		// is only one disjunct, while not discarding hard defaults.
		// TODO: a more principled approach would be to recognize that there
		// is only one default at a point where this does not break
		// commutativity.
		if len(n.disjuncts) == 1 && n.disjuncts[0].defaultMode != isDefault {
			n.disjuncts[0].defaultMode = maybeDefault
		}
	}

	// Compare to root, but add to this one.
	// TODO: if only one value is left, set to maybeDefault.
	switch p := parent; {
	case p != n:
		p.disjunctErrs = append(p.disjunctErrs, n.disjunctErrs...)
		n.disjunctErrs = n.disjunctErrs[:0]

	outer:
		for _, d := range n.disjuncts {
			for _, v := range p.disjuncts {
				if Equal(n.ctx, &v.result, &d.result, true) {
					if d.defaultMode == isDefault {
						v.defaultMode = isDefault
					}
					d.free()
					continue outer
				}
			}

			d.defaultMode = combineDefault(m, d.defaultMode)
			p.disjuncts = append(p.disjuncts, d)
		}

		n.disjuncts = n.disjuncts[:0]
	}
}

func (n *nodeContext) makeError() {
	code := IncompleteError

	if len(n.disjunctErrs) > 0 {
		code = EvalError
		for _, c := range n.disjunctErrs {
			if c.Code > code {
				code = c.Code
			}
		}
	}

	b := &Bottom{
		Code: code,
		Err:  n.disjunctError(),
	}
	n.node.SetValue(n.ctx, Finalized, b)
}

func mode(hasDefault, marked bool) defaultMode {
	var mode defaultMode
	switch {
	case !hasDefault:
		mode = maybeDefault
	case marked:
		mode = isDefault
	default:
		mode = notDefault
	}
	return mode
}

// clone makes a shallow copy of a Vertex. The purpose is to create different
// disjuncts from the same Vertex under computation. This allows the conjuncts
// of an arc to be reset to a previous position and the reuse of earlier
// computations.
//
// Notes: only Arcs need to be copied recursively. Either the arc is finalized
// and can be used as is, or Structs is assumed to not yet be computed at the
// time that a clone is needed and must be nil. Conjuncts no longer needed and
// can become nil. All other fields can be copied shallowly.
func clone(v Vertex) Vertex {
	v.state = nil
	if a := v.Arcs; len(a) > 0 {
		v.Arcs = make([]*Vertex, len(a))
		for i, arc := range a {
			switch arc.status {
			case Finalized:
				v.Arcs[i] = arc

			case 0:
				a := *arc
				v.Arcs[i] = &a

				a.Conjuncts = make([]Conjunct, len(arc.Conjuncts))
				copy(a.Conjuncts, arc.Conjuncts)

			default:
				// This should never happen and would be a performance issue.
				// But try to mend the situation by doing something sensible in
				// case the user is not running with strict mode enabled.
				Assertf(false, "invalid state for disjunct")

				a := *arc
				a.state = arc.state.clone()
				a.state.node = &a
				a.state.snapshot = clone(a)
				v.Arcs[i] = &a
			}
		}
	}

	if a := v.Structs; len(a) > 0 {
		v.Structs = make([]*StructInfo, len(a))
		copy(v.Structs, a)
	}

	return v
}

// Default rules from spec:
//
// U1: (v1, d1) & v2       => (v1&v2, d1&v2)
// U2: (v1, d1) & (v2, d2) => (v1&v2, d1&d2)
//
// D1: (v1, d1) | v2       => (v1|v2, d1)
// D2: (v1, d1) | (v2, d2) => (v1|v2, d1|d2)
//
// M1: *v        => (v, v)
// M2: *(v1, d1) => (v1, d1)
//
// NOTE: M2 cannot be *(v1, d1) => (v1, v1), as this has the weird property
// of making a value less specific. This causes issues, for instance, when
// trimming.
//
// The old implementation does something similar though. It will discard
// default information after first determining if more than one conjunct
// has survived.
//
// def + maybe -> def
// not + maybe -> def
// not + def   -> def

type defaultMode int

const (
	maybeDefault defaultMode = iota
	isDefault
	notDefault
)

// combineDefaults combines default modes for unifying conjuncts.
//
// Default rules from spec:
//
// U1: (v1, d1) & v2       => (v1&v2, d1&v2)
// U2: (v1, d1) & (v2, d2) => (v1&v2, d1&d2)
func combineDefault(a, b defaultMode) defaultMode {
	if a > b {
		return a
	}
	return b
}

// disjunctError returns a compound error for a failed disjunction.
//
// TODO(perf): the set of errors is now computed during evaluation. Eventually,
// this could be done lazily.
func (n *nodeContext) disjunctError() (errs errors.Error) {
	ctx := n.ctx

	disjuncts := selectErrors(n.disjunctErrs)

	if disjuncts == nil {
		errs = ctx.Newf("empty disjunction") // XXX: add space to sort first
	} else {
		disjuncts = errors.Sanitize(disjuncts)
		k := len(errors.Errors(disjuncts))
		// prefix '-' to sort to top
		errs = ctx.Newf("%d errors in empty disjunction:", k)
	}

	errs = errors.Append(errs, disjuncts)

	return errs
}

func selectErrors(a []*Bottom) (errs errors.Error) {
	// return all errors if less than a certain number.
	if len(a) <= 2 {
		for _, b := range a {
			errs = errors.Append(errs, b.Err)

		}
		return errs
	}

	// First select only relevant errors.
	isIncomplete := false
	k := 0
	for _, b := range a {
		if !isIncomplete && b.Code >= IncompleteError {
			k = 0
			isIncomplete = true
		}
		a[k] = b
		k++
	}
	a = a[:k]

	// filter errors
	positions := map[token.Pos]bool{}

	add := func(b *Bottom, p token.Pos) bool {
		if positions[p] {
			return false
		}
		positions[p] = true
		errs = errors.Append(errs, b.Err)
		return true
	}

	for _, b := range a {
		// TODO: Should we also distinguish by message type?
		if add(b, b.Err.Position()) {
			continue
		}
		for _, p := range b.Err.InputPositions() {
			if add(b, p) {
				break
			}
		}
	}

	return errs
}